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心脏(跳动)仿真

1 电生理传播的动态性

  • 论文:Coupled Eikonal problems to model cardiac reentries in Purkinje network and myocardium
  • 刊名缩写:arVix
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2024.12
  • 仿真对比
  1. 建立健康的生理基准并与体内数据校对: 作者首先运行了一个健康心脏的信号传播仿真基准(T-H 场景)。他们通过对比仿真得出的激活时间(例如 His-Purkinje 网络的激活时间约为 30 ms,心室总激活时间通常在 80 ms 到 100 ms 之间)与真实的临床活体记录(in-vivo recordings)是否一致,来验证基础模型的准确性 。
  2. 多病理及治疗场景的现象复现: 文章没有停留在单一模型,而是将健康基准与三种复杂的临床场景进行了对比:预激综合征(T-WPW)、左束支传导阻滞(T-LBBB)以及心脏再同步化治疗(T-CRT)。他们观察仿真是否正确再现了预期的病理特征,例如 T-WPW 中的心肌提前激动(pre-excitation),或者 T-LBBB 中信号被迫穿过室间隔的异常重定向 。
  3. 与已有算法在复杂边界条件上的对比: 就像在医疗器械的物理仿真中需要精准处理复杂的交互与边界条件一样,文章特别强调了其新算法(Algorithm 1)在处理浦肯野网络与心肌交界处(PMJs)的优势。新模型成功捕捉到了电信号从心肌“折返”(reentries)回网络的复杂物理现象 。作者明确指出,以前的旧方法(如文献 [6])会遗漏这种折返效应,以此证明新模型具有更高的生物物理准确度 。
  • 摘要

We propose a novel partitioned scheme based on Eikonal equations to model the coupled propagation of the electrical signal in the His-Purkinje system and in the myocardium for cardiac electrophysiology. This scheme allows, for the first time in Eikonal-based modeling, to capture all possible signal reentries between the Purkinje network and the cardiac muscle that may occur under pathological conditions. As part of the proposed scheme, we introduce a new pseudo-time method for the Eikonal-diffusion problem in the myocardium, to correctly enforce electrical stimuli coming from the Purkinje network. We test our approach by performing numerical simulations of cardiac electrophysiology in a real biventricular geometry, under both pathological and therapeutic conditions, to demonstrate its flexibility, robustness, and accuracy. 我们提出了一种基于程函方程的新型分区方案,用于模拟心脏电生理学中希氏 - 浦肯野系统和心肌中电信号的耦合传播。在基于程函方程的建模中,该方案首次能够捕捉到在病理条件下可能发生的浦肯野网络与心肌之间所有可能的信号折返。作为所提方案的一部分,我们针对心肌中的程函 - 扩散问题引入了一种新的伪时间方法,以正确施加来自浦肯野网络的电刺激。我们通过在真实双心室几何结构下,在病理和治疗条件下进行心脏电生理学的数值模拟来测试我们的方法,以证明其灵活性、稳健性和准确性。


2 心肌收缩的动态响应

  • 论文:Cardiac Mechano-Electrical-Fluid Interaction: A Brief Review of Recent Advances
  • 刊名缩写:Eng
  • 期刊分级:Q2
  • 发布时间:2025.07
  • 仿真对比
  1. 与临床生理学预期数据的对比:作者设计了四种仿真场景(健康 T-H、WPW综合征 T-WPW、左束支传导阻滞 T-LBBB、心脏再同步化治疗 T-CRT) 。在健康场景中,他们检查了仿真输出的浦肯野网络激活时间(约30毫秒)和心室总激活时间,证实其与真实的体内(in-vivo)测量数值相吻合 。在病理场景下,也验证了信号是否符合预期的异常传导路径(例如跨越室间隔的传导) 。
  2. 与现有旧算法的能力对比(突出新特性的优势):在模拟左束支传导阻滞(T-LBBB)时,作者观察到电信号从肌肉重新“折返”(reentries)进入浦肯野网络的现象 。他们明确指出,现有文献(如文中提到的参考文献[6])中的算法由于假设限制,无法捕捉到这种折返效应,以此证明新提出的耦合算法具有更高的生物物理学准确度和多功能性 。
  3. 算法鲁棒性的边界测试:为了验证提出的新型“伪时间方法(pseudo-time method)”的可靠性,作者在 T-CRT 场景中故意设置了一个延迟较长的右心室起搏刺激 。仿真结果成功表明,新算法能够正确识别并忽略该无效刺激,不仅没有产生错误的干扰,还保证了最终物理结果的合理性 。
  • 摘要

This review investigates recent developments in cardiac mechano-electrical-fluid interaction (MEFI) modeling, with a focus on multiphysics simulation platforms and digital twin frameworks developed between 2015 and 2025. The purpose of the study is to assess how computational modeling methods—particularly finite element and immersed boundary techniques, monolithic and partitioned coupling schemes, and artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced surrogate modeling—capture the integrated dynamics of cardiac electrophysiology, tissue mechanics, and hemodynamics. The goal is to evaluate the translational potential of MEFI models in clinical applications such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), arrhythmia classification, atrial fibrillation ablation, and surgical planning. Quantitative results from the literature demonstrate <5% error in pressure–volume loop predictions, >0.90 F1 scores in machine-learning-based arrhythmia detection, and <10% deviation in myocardial strain relative to MRI-based ground truth. These findings highlight both the promise and limitations of current MEFI approaches. While recent advances improve physiological fidelity and predictive accuracy, key challenges remain in achieving multiscale integration, model validation across diverse populations, and real-time clinical applicability. The review concludes by identifying future milestones for clinical translation, including regulatory model certification, standardization of validation protocols, and integration of patient-specific digital twins into electronic health record (EHR) systems. 本综述研究了心脏机械-电-流体相互作用(MEFI)建模的最新进展,重点关注2015年至2025年期间开发的多物理场模拟平台和数字孪生框架。该研究的目的是评估计算建模方法——特别是有限元法和浸入边界技术、整体耦合和分区耦合方案以及人工智能(AI)增强的代理建模——如何捕捉心脏电生理学、组织力学和血液动力学的综合动力学。目标是评估MEFI模型在心脏再同步治疗(CRT)、心律失常分类、房颤消融和手术规划等临床应用中的转化潜力。文献中的定量结果表明,压力-容积环预测误差<5%,基于机器学习的心律失常检测的F1分数>0.90,心肌应变相对于基于MRI的地面真值的偏差<10%。这些发现凸显了当前MEFI方法的前景和局限性。虽然最近的进展提高了生理逼真度和预测准确性,但在实现多尺度整合、跨不同人群的模型验证以及实时临床适用性方面仍存在关键挑战。综述最后确定了临床转化的未来里程碑,包括监管模型认证、验证协议的标准化以及将患者特异性数字孪生集成到电子健康记录(EHR)系统中。


  • 论文:Active contraction-integrated FSI: Numerical modeling of cardiac pumping
  • 刊名缩写
  • 期刊分级:Q1
  • 发布时间:2025.12
  • 仿真对比
  1. 血液动力学参数对比: 将模型预测的主动脉不同截面的平均血流速度、体积流量以及左心室流出道和主动脉出口的压力随时间变化的波形,与已有文献中的实验测量数据进行了直接比对 。
  2. 左心室整体变形对比: 将仿真得到的收缩期末期左心室三维变形效果,与真实的体内心脏磁共振(CMR)成像捕获的位移图进行了形态特征上的吻合度比对 。
  3. 局部心肌位移曲线对比: 提取了仿真模型中左心室中段和心尖段节点的位移,并将其随时间变化的动态曲线与文献中通过定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术测量的实验数据进行了趋势验证 。
  • 摘要

Abstract This study develops a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model of the cardiovascular system to simulate the heart’s pumping action and hemodynamics. The model integrates an active contraction mechanism to accurately represent cardiac function. To capture the passive mechanical properties of the heart muscle, an anisotropic hyperelastic model is used. The active contraction is described by incorporating force–length and force–velocity relationships, which are calibrated with experimental data, alongside a time-dependent activation function based on cellular action potentials. The Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method governs the FSI between the blood and the deforming ventricle and aorta. An immersed boundary method is employed to manage the FSI boundary and prevent numerical issues like leakage, while physiological pressure conditions are applied at the outlets. The model’s predictions for aortic flow, pressure, and left ventricular contraction were validated against existing experimental data. The results show the model successfully predicts cardiac pumping and contractile behavior. This demonstrates its potential for future applications in simulating heart diseases and studying cardiovascular trauma. 摘要 本研究建立了一个心血管系统的流固耦合(FSI)模型,以模拟心脏的泵血作用和血液动力学。该模型集成了主动收缩机制,以准确表征心脏功能。为了捕捉心肌的被动力学特性,使用了各向异性超弹性模型。主动收缩通过纳入力-长度和力-速度关系来描述,这些关系通过实验数据进行校准,同时还有基于细胞动作电位的时间依赖性激活函数。任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法控制血液与变形的心室和主动脉之间的流固耦合。采用浸入边界方法来处理流固耦合边界并防止诸如泄漏等数值问题,同时在出口处施加生理压力条件。该模型对主动脉血流、压力和左心室收缩的预测与现有实验数据进行了验证。结果表明该模型成功预测了心脏泵血和收缩行为。这证明了其在模拟心脏病和研究心血管创伤方面未来应用的潜力。


3.多物理场 耦合的动态交互

3.1 电-机械耦合

  • 论文:A coupling physics model for real-time 4D simulation of cardiac electromechanics
  • 刊名缩写:CAD Computer Aided Design
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2024.06
  • 仿真对比
  1. 与现有文献和基准测试进行交叉验证(评估准确性): 1.1 跨膜电位传播: 将2D组织中的电位演化结果与 Ratti 等人和 Zhang 等人的基准实验进行直接比对,证明了其在求解扩散反应方程时的准确性 。 1.2 螺旋波模拟: 在各向同性和各向异性材料中生成螺旋波,并将演化形态与 Wang 等人和 Zhang 等人的既有研究结果进行视觉比对,确认其能精确复现复杂的电传导现象 。 1.3 主动力学响应: 采用 Garcia Blanco 等人提出的基准,测试了单一心肌立方体和左心室椭球壳在电刺激下的形变,实验结果与前人研究高度一致 。
  2. 复杂三维生理现象的复现能力(评估适用性): * 在完整的三维双心室模型和基于真实人类MRI重建的四腔心模型中,成功复现了自由脉冲(free-pulse pattern)传播、3D卷轴波(scroll waves)以及心脏节律性兴奋-收缩等复杂的生理现象,证明了模型在复杂几何形状下的鲁棒性 。
  3. 计算时间对比(评估实时运行效率):将该算法的耗时与 Adeniran 等人在同等规模网格下的传统离线算法进行了直接对比 。数据表明,模拟1000毫秒的心脏机电活动,传统方法需要约48小时,而本文方法在GPU加速下仅需20.3秒,证明了其在维持精度的同时实现了巨大的速度飞跃 。
  • 摘要

Cardiac simulators can assist in the diagnosis of heart disease and enhance human understanding of this leading cause of mortality. The coupling of multiphysics, such as electrophysiology and active-passive mechanics, in the simulation of the heart poses challenges in utilizing existing methodologies for real-time applications. The low efficiency of physically-based simulation is mostly caused by the need for electrical-stress conduction to use tiny time steps in order to prevent numerical instability. Additionally, the mechanical simulation experiences sluggish convergence when dealing with significant deformation and stiffness, and there are also concerns regarding volume inversion. We provide a coupling physics model that transforms the active-passive dynamics into multiphysics solving constraints, aiming at boosting the real-time efficiency of the cardiac electromechanical simulation. The multiphysics processes are initially divided into two levels: cell-level electrical stimulation and organ-level electrical-stress diffusion/conduction. This separation is achieved by employing operator splitting in combination with the quasi-steady-state method, which simplifies the system equations. Next, utilizing spatial discretization, we employ the matrix-free conjugate gradient approach to solve the electromechanical model, therefore improving the efficiency of the simulation. The experimental results illustrate that our simulation model is capable of replicating intricate cardiac physiological phenomena, including 3D spiral waves and rhythmic contractions. Moreover, our model achieves a significant advancement in real-time computation while maintaining a comparable level of accuracy to current methods. This improvement is advantageous for interactive medical applications. 心脏模拟器有助于心脏病的诊断,并增进人类对这一致死主因的理解。在心脏模拟中,将多物理场(如电生理学和主动-被动力学)进行耦合,给利用现有方法进行实时应用带来了挑战。基于物理的模拟效率低下,主要是因为电应力传导需要使用微小的时间步长以防止数值不稳定。此外,在处理显著变形和刚度时,机械模拟的收敛速度较慢,并且还存在体积反转的问题。我们提供了一种耦合物理模型,将主动-被动动力学转化为多物理场求解约束,旨在提高心脏机电模拟的实时效率。多物理场过程最初分为两个层次:细胞水平的电刺激和器官水平的电应力扩散/传导。这种分离是通过结合算子分裂和准稳态方法实现的,这简化了系统方程。接下来,利用空间离散化,我们采用无矩阵共轭梯度法来求解机电模型,从而提高模拟效率。实验结果表明,我们的模拟模型能够复制复杂的心脏生理现象,包括三维螺旋波和节律性收缩。此外,我们的模型在实时计算方面取得了显著进展,同时保持了与当前方法相当的精度水平。这种改进对交互式医疗应用有利。


  • 论文:Assessing post-TAVR cardiac conduction abnormalities risk using an electromechanically coupled beating heart
  • 刊名缩写:Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
  • 期刊分级:Q2
  • 发布时间:2024.10
  • 仿真对比
  1. 与临床实际观察结果的吻合度: 作者并未进行全新的实体实验来验证模型,而是将仿真输出的力学参数趋势与现有的临床数据及先前的研究进行了对比 。仿真结果成功印证了多项已知的临床规律,例如:仿真显示更深的植入位置会导致应力和接触参数一致增加,这与临床上观察到的高风险相符 ;仿真表明存在右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)的结构变化会增加术后发生心脏传导异常(CCA)的机械风险 ;而预先存在左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)的仿真结果显示接触压力较低,这与临床研究中此类患者发生额外传导障碍可能性降低的结论相一致 。
  2. 与传统静态模型的局限性对比: 文章通过对比强调了其动态跳动心脏模型的优越性。作者指出,以往用于评估CCA风险的静态模型缺乏跳动心脏的内在动力学,且无法解释预先存在的传导问题 。而本研究的动态模型不仅考虑了患者特定的电生理条件,还能捕捉到整个心动周期内接触压力的动态波动,例如揭示了支架框架在心动周期的早期恢复阶段会产生最高的接触压力,从而提供了比静态模型更符合生理现实的分析 。
  • 摘要

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has rapidly displaced surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). However, certain post-TAVR complications persist, with cardiac conduction abnormalities (CCA) being one of the major ones. The elevated pressure exerted by the TAVR stent onto the conduction fibers situated between the aortic annulus and the His bundle, in proximity to the atrioventricular (AV) node, may disrupt the cardiac conduction leading to the emergence of CCA. In this study, an in silico framework was developed to assess the CCA risk, incorporating the effect of a dynamic beating heart and preprocedural parameters such as implantation depth and preexisting cardiac asynchrony in the new onset of post-TAVR CCA. A self-expandable TAVR device deployment was simulated inside an electromechanically coupled beating heart model in five patient scenarios, including three implantation depths and two preexisting cardiac asynchronies: (i) a right bundle branch block (RBBB) and (ii) a left bundle branch block (LBBB). Subsequently, several biomechanical parameters were analyzed to assess the post-TAVR CCA risk. The results manifested a lower cumulative contact pressure on the conduction fibers following TAVR for aortic deployment (0.018 MPa) compared to nominal condition (0.29 MPa) and ventricular deployment (0.52 MPa). Notably, the preexisting RBBB demonstrated a higher cumulative contact pressure (0.34 MPa) compared to the nominal condition and preexisting LBBB (0.25 MPa). Deeper implantation and preexisting RBBB cause higher stresses and contact pressure on the conduction fibers leading to an increased risk of post-TAVR CCA. Conversely, implantation above the MS landmark and preexisting LBBB reduces the risk. 经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)已迅速取代外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)。然而,某些TAVR术后并发症仍然存在,心脏传导异常(CCA)是主要并发症之一。TAVR支架对位于主动脉瓣环和希氏束之间、靠近房室(AV)结的传导纤维施加的压力升高,可能会扰乱心脏传导,导致CCA的出现。在本研究中,开发了一个计算机模拟框架来评估CCA风险,该框架纳入了动态跳动心脏的影响以及术前参数,如植入深度和TAVR术后新出现的CCA中的既往心脏不同步情况。在五个患者场景中,在一个机电耦合的跳动心脏模型内模拟了自膨胀式TAVR装置的部署,包括三种植入深度和两种既往心脏不同步情况:(i)右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)和(ii)左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)。随后,分析了几个生物力学参数以评估TAVR术后的CCA风险。结果表明,与标称情况(0.29 MPa)和心室部署(0.52 MPa)相比,主动脉部署的TAVR术后传导纤维上的累积接触压力较低(0.018 MPa)。值得注意的是,与标称情况和既往LBBB(0.25 MPa)相比,既往RBBB表现出更高的累积接触压力(0.34 MPa)。更深的植入和既往RBBB会导致传导纤维上更高的应力和接触压力,从而增加TAVR术后CCA的风险。相反,在MS标志上方植入和既往LBBB会降低风险。


3.2 流固耦合 (FSI)

  • 论文:Electromechanical human heart modeling for predicting endocardial heart motion
  • 刊名缩写:arXiv
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2025.09
  • 仿真对比
  1. 获取真实参考数据:研究团队使用了人体动态磁共振成像(Cine MRI)的扫描结果作为真实的心脏运动基准 。
  2. 特征追踪与数据提取:他们利用图像处理软件(Segment),对连续的MRI图像进行特征追踪,提取出右心室在实际跳动中的位移和速度数据 。
  3. 区域化量化比对:为了精确对比,他们将右心室划分为5个特定区域(如心尖、基底游离壁等),分别计算这5个区域在“仿真模型”和“真实MRI扫描”中的平均位移和平均速度 。
  4. 趋势一致性验证:通过对比条形图(图12和图13),虽然具体数值有因为心率不同等因素产生的差异,但模型预测出的“哪些区域动得幅度大,哪些区域动得幅度小”的排名趋势与真实MRI数据高度一致,以此证明了仿真结果的可靠性 。
  • 摘要

This work presents a biventricular electromechanical human heart model that is comprehensive and clinically relevant, integrating a realistic 3D heart geometry with both systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics. The model uses a two-way fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) formulation with actual 3D blood meshes to accurately investigate the effect of blood flow on the myocardium. It couples a reaction-diffusion framework and a voltage-dependent active stress term to replicate the link between electrical excitation and mechanical contraction. Additionally, the model incorporates innovative epicardial boundary conditions to mimic the stiffness and viscosity of neighboring tissues. The model's ability to replicate physiological heart motion was validated against Cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, which demonstrated a high degree of consistency in regional displacement patterns. The analysis of the right ventricle showed that the basal and mid free walls experience the largest motion, making these regions ideal for implanting motion-driven energy harvesting devices. This validated model is a robust tool for enhancing our understanding of cardiac physiology and optimizing therapeutic interventions before clinical implementation. 这项工作提出了一种双心室机电式人体心脏模型,该模型全面且与临床相关,将逼真的三维心脏几何结构与体循环和肺循环血流动力学相结合。该模型采用双向流固耦合(FSI)公式和实际的三维血液网格,以准确研究血流对心肌的影响。它耦合了反应扩散框架和电压依赖性主动应力项,以复制电兴奋与机械收缩之间的联系。此外,该模型纳入了创新的心外膜边界条件,以模拟相邻组织的刚度和粘度。该模型复制生理心脏运动的能力通过电影磁共振成像(MRI)数据进行了验证,结果表明区域位移模式具有高度一致性。右心室分析表明,基底和中间游离壁的运动最大,使这些区域成为植入运动驱动能量收集装置的理想位置。这个经过验证的模型是一个强大的工具,有助于增强我们对心脏生理学的理解,并在临床实施前优化治疗干预措施。

3.3 电-机械-流体耦合 (EMFI)

  • 论文:Cardiac Mechano-Electrical-Fluid Interaction: A Brief Review of Recent Advances
  • 刊名缩写:Eng
  • 期刊分级:Q2
  • 发布时间:2025.07
  • 仿真对比
  1. 心脏力学(结构变形): 将仿真得出的心肌变形数据与真实MRI(核磁共振)测量的应变数据对比,高保真模型的应变误差通常控制在 <10% 。
  2. 血流动力学(流体): 使用MRI相位对比测量数据来验证血流速度分布(优秀模型峰值速度误差 <0.1 m/s)。同时会评估压力-容积 (PV) 环的偏差,误差通常要求 <3% 。
  3. 电生理学(电传导): 将仿真生成的ECG(心电图)波形与真实数据对比,通常要求均方根误差 (RMSE) <5% 。此外,也会校验心肌纤维不同方向的电传导速度比例是否符合真实的 4:2:1 。
  4. AI与代理模型预测: 对于结合了机器学习的预测模型,会使用 F1 分数(通常要求 >0.90)来评估其对心律失常等特定临床特征的分类准确率 。
  5. 基础数值验证: 验证模型计算过程本身是否存在误差,例如进行网格细化测试和收敛性分析 。
  • 摘要

This review investigates recent developments in cardiac mechano-electrical-fluid interaction (MEFI) modeling, with a focus on multiphysics simulation platforms and digital twin frameworks developed between 2015 and 2025. The purpose of the study is to assess how computational modeling methods—particularly finite element and immersed boundary techniques, monolithic and partitioned coupling schemes, and artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced surrogate modeling—capture the integrated dynamics of cardiac electrophysiology, tissue mechanics, and hemodynamics. The goal is to evaluate the translational potential of MEFI models in clinical applications such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), arrhythmia classification, atrial fibrillation ablation, and surgical planning. Quantitative results from the literature demonstrate <5% error in pressure–volume loop predictions, >0.90 F1 scores in machine-learning-based arrhythmia detection, and <10% deviation in myocardial strain relative to MRI-based ground truth. These findings highlight both the promise and limitations of current MEFI approaches. While recent advances improve physiological fidelity and predictive accuracy, key challenges remain in achieving multiscale integration, model validation across diverse populations, and real-time clinical applicability. The review concludes by identifying future milestones for clinical translation, including regulatory model certification, standardization of validation protocols, and integration of patient-specific digital twins into electronic health record (EHR) systems. 本综述研究了心脏机械-电-流体相互作用(MEFI)建模的最新进展,重点关注2015年至2025年期间开发的多物理场模拟平台和数字孪生框架。该研究的目的是评估计算建模方法——特别是有限元法和浸入边界技术、整体耦合和分区耦合方案以及人工智能(AI)增强的代理建模——如何捕捉心脏电生理学、组织力学和血液动力学的综合动力学。目标是评估MEFI模型在心脏再同步治疗(CRT)、心律失常分类、房颤消融和手术规划等临床应用中的转化潜力。文献中的定量结果表明,压力-容积环预测误差<5%,基于机器学习的心律失常检测的F1分数>0.90,心肌应变相对于基于MRI的地面真值的偏差<10%。这些发现凸显了当前MEFI方法的前景和局限性。虽然最近的进展提高了生理逼真度和预测准确性,但在实现多尺度整合、跨不同人群的模型验证以及实时临床适用性方面仍存在关键挑战。综述最后确定了临床转化的未来里程碑,包括监管模型认证、验证协议的标准化以及将患者特异性数字孪生集成到电子健康记录(EHR)系统中。

4 计算方法的动态处理

4.1 有限元方法 (FEM)

  • 论文:Introducing a Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Network and Finite Element Model for Predicting Structural Deformation Under Dynamic Load
  • 刊名缩写
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2025.04
  • 仿真对比

预测准确度 (Prediction Accuracy): 采用平均绝对误差 (MAE) 和均方根误差 (RMSE) 作为量化指标 。文章在正弦载荷的梁结构和冲击载荷的悬臂板上进行测试,结果表明 PINN 模型的预测结果与 FEM 基准高度吻合 。与纯数据驱动的神经网络相比,PINN 在缺乏训练数据的区域(稀疏数据区)表现出更强的泛化能力,误差降低了 43% 到 45% 。计算效率 (Computational Efficiency): 直接对比了 FEM 和 PINN 之间的执行时间和内存消耗 。文章指出,由于省去了迭代求解器和网格存储,PINN 的每次预测时间不到 0.1 秒,相比 FEM 平均执行时间缩短了 58%,内存使用量降低了 45% 。物理一致性 (Physical Consistency): 将 PINN 模型输出的具体物理参数(如主振荡频率、阻尼比、模态振型相关性、临界节点最大位移以及偏微分方程 PDE 残差)与 FEM 的参考值进行严格对比 。这证明了该模型不仅在数值上接近,而且能够保留与 FEM 一致的空间模式和变形轮廓等物理规律 。

  • 摘要

This study introduces a novel hybrid framework that integrates Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) with the Finite Element Method (FEM) to accurately predict structural deformation under dynamic loading conditions. While FEM remains a powerful tool in structural mechanics, its computational cost rises significantly with complex geometries and time-dependent simulations. To address this, the proposed hybrid model leverages the domain knowledge embedded in partial differential equations through PINNs, which are trained on both synthetic FEM data and governing physics laws. The model enables faster and more generalizable predictions of displacement fields by learning from limited simulation data while enforcing physical consistency. Numerical experiments on beam and plate structures subjected to varying dynamic loads demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves high accuracy with substantially reduced computational effort compared to traditional FEM-only simulations. This work highlights the potential of combining data-driven and physics-based modeling to support real-time structural health monitoring and decision-making in engineering systems. 本研究引入了一种新颖的混合框架,该框架将物理信息神经网络(PINNs)与有限元方法(FEM)相结合,以准确预测动态载荷条件下的结构变形。虽然有限元方法在结构力学中仍然是一个强大的工具,但其计算成本会随着几何形状的复杂性和与时间相关的模拟而显著增加。为了解决这个问题,所提出的混合模型通过物理信息神经网络利用嵌入在偏微分方程中的领域知识,这些网络在合成有限元数据和控制物理定律上进行训练。该模型通过从有限的模拟数据中学习同时强制物理一致性,能够更快且更具通用性地预测位移场。对承受不同动态载荷的梁和板结构进行的数值实验表明,与传统的仅使用有限元方法的模拟相比,混合方法在大幅减少计算量的情况下实现了高精度。这项工作突出了将数据驱动和基于物理的建模相结合以支持工程系统中的实时结构健康监测和决策的潜力。


  • 论文:Finite Element Modeling in Left Ventricular Cardiac Biomechanics: From Computational Tool to Clinical Practice
  • 刊名缩写:Bioengineering
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2025.08
  • 仿真对比
  1. 与医学影像的实际观测数据对比(针对有限元模型): 研究将通过高级影像方法(如CSPAMM MRI)获取的应变数据整合到有限元(FE)模型中 。系统会通过优化算法迭代调整模型中的区域心肌收缩力参数,直到有限元模型预测的应变与实际观测到的应变测量值高度一致 。
  2. 与传统有限元仿真的结果对比(针对AI代理模型): 在评估用于加速计算的机器学习(如XGBoost)代理模型时,研究人员将传统有限元仿真得出的数据作为“真实参考值”(Ground Truth) 。通过直接对比机器学习预测的最大瓣膜应力值与传统有限元计算的实际值,以此来证明AI模型在将计算时间从数小时缩短至1秒的同时,仍能提供高度吻合的预测结果 。
  • 摘要

Finite element (FE) modeling has emerged as a powerful computational approach in cardiovascular biomechanics, enabling detailed simulations of myocardial stress, strain, and hemodynamics, which are challenging to measure with conventional imaging techniques. This narrative review explores the progression of cardiac FE modeling from research-focused applications to its increasing integration into clinical practice. Specific attention is given to the mechanical effects of myocardial infarction, the limitations of conventional LV volume-reduction surgeries, and novel therapeutic approaches like passive myocardial reinforcement via hydrogel injections. Furthermore, the review highlights the critical role of patient-specific FE simulations in optimizing LV assist device parameters and guiding targeted device placements. Cutting-edge developments in artificial intelligence-enhanced FE modeling, including surrogate models and precomputed simulation databases, are examined for their potential to facilitate real-time, personalized therapeutic decision-making. Collectively, these advancements position FE modeling as an essential tool in precision medicine for structural heart disease. 有限元(FE)建模已成为心血管生物力学中一种强大的计算方法,能够对心肌应力、应变和血流动力学进行详细模拟,而这些用传统成像技术测量具有挑战性。这篇叙述性综述探讨了心脏有限元建模从以研究为重点的应用到越来越多地融入临床实践的发展历程。特别关注了心肌梗死的力学效应、传统左心室减容手术的局限性以及通过水凝胶注射进行被动心肌强化等新型治疗方法。此外,该综述强调了针对患者的有限元模拟在优化左心室辅助装置参数和指导靶向装置放置方面的关键作用。研究了人工智能增强的有限元建模的前沿发展,包括替代模型和预计算模拟数据库,以探讨它们促进实时、个性化治疗决策的潜力。总体而言,这些进展使有限元建模成为结构性心脏病精准医学中的一项重要工具。


4.2 深度学习与加速技术

  • 论文:Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINN) for computational solid mechanics: Numerical frameworks and applications
  • 刊名缩写:Thin-Walled Structures
  • 期刊分级:Q1
  • 发布时间:2024.10
  • 仿真对比
  1. 与传统数值方法对比: 将 PINN 的预测结果(如位移、应力分布、裂纹路径等)与有限元方法(FEM)或传统商业软件(如 Abaqus)的仿真结果进行直观对比和误差计算 。
  2. 与解析解(真实值)对比: 将 PINN 的计算结果与已知的数学解析解或基准模型(Ground Truth)进行对比,计算诸如均方误差(MSE)或平均相对误差等指标 。
  3. 与实验数据对比: 利用实际的物理实验数据(如软组织的应力松弛数据、材料的疲劳寿命实验数据等)作为验证标准,以检验模型在真实场景下的预测精度和泛化能力 。
  4. 计算效率与鲁棒性评估: 比较 PINN 与纯数据驱动模型或其他数值方法的计算成本(如是否降低了网格划分的资源消耗),并测试其在面对稀疏、含有噪声或不完整数据时的稳定性和准确度 。
  • 摘要

For solving the computational solid mechanics problems, despite significant advances have been achieved through the numerical discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs) and data-driven framework, it is still hard to seamlessly integrate imperfect, limited, sparse and noisy data into existing algorithms. Besides the expensive tasks and struggling completion of mesh-based and meshless-based solutions in complex computational domain, the high-dimensional solid mechanics problems governed by parameterized PDEs cannot be tackled. Furthermore, addressing inverse solid mechanics problems, especially with incomplete descriptions of physical laws, are often prohibitively expensive and require obscure formulations and elaborate codes. Since the physics-informed neural networks (PINN) was originally introduced by Raissi et al. in 2019, it has been recognized as effective surrogate solvers for PDEs while respecting any given laws, data, initial and boundary conditions of solid mechanics. PINN has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the shortage of available training data, enhance model generalizability, and ensure the physical plausibility of results. The prior physics information can act as a regularization agent that constrains the space of admissible solutions to a manageable size, enabling it to quickly steer itself towards the right solution. To catch up with the latest developments of PINN in computational solid mechanics, this work summarizes the recent advances in the field. We first introduce the foundational concepts of PINN, including the framework, architecture, algorithms, code and associated software packages. We then discuss the applications of PINN in constitutive modeling and its inverse problem, identification, evaluation, and prediction of damage in solid materials and structures. Finally, we address the current capabilities and limitations of PINN in computational solid mechanics, and present perspectives on emerging opportunities and open challenges of the prevailing trends. 为了解决计算固体力学问题,尽管通过偏微分方程(PDEs)的数值离散化和数据驱动框架已经取得了显著进展,但仍难以将不完美、有限、稀疏和有噪声的数据无缝集成到现有算法中。除了在复杂计算域中基于网格和无网格解决方案的昂贵任务和艰难完成之外,由参数化PDEs控制的高维固体力学问题也无法解决。此外,解决固体力学反问题,特别是在物理定律描述不完整的情况下,通常成本过高,需要晦涩的公式和精心编写的代码。自从2019年Raissi等人首次引入物理信息神经网络(PINN)以来,它已被公认为在尊重固体力学的任何给定定律、数据、初始和边界条件的同时,是PDEs的有效替代求解器。PINN已成为一种有前途的方法,可缓解可用训练数据的短缺,增强模型的泛化能力,并确保结果的物理合理性。先验物理信息可以作为一种正则化因子,将可允许解的空间约束到可管理的大小,使其能够快速引导自身找到正确的解。为了跟上PINN在计算固体力学方面的最新发展,本文总结了该领域的最新进展。我们首先介绍PINN的基本概念,包括框架、架构、算法、代码和相关软件包。然后,我们讨论PINN在本构建模及其反问题、固体材料和结构损伤的识别、评估和预测中的应用。最后,我们阐述了PINN在计算固体力学中的当前能力和局限性,并对当前趋势的新机遇和开放挑战提出了展望。


  • 论文:A neural network finite element approach for high speed cardiac mechanics simulations
  • 刊名缩写:Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
  • 期刊分级:Q1
  • 发布时间:2024.07
  • 仿真对比
  1. 对比基准:作者使用 FEniCSX 软件构建了完全相同的有限元仿真设置,将其计算出的压力-体积路径结果作为验证 NNFE 模型准确性的标准 。
  2. 位移误差分析:通过计算特定位置上 FEM 结果与 NNFE 预测结果之间的差异来衡量位移误差 。文章评估了所有节点上的平均节点位移误差和最大节点位移误差 。
  3. 应力和应变对比:模型还对比了格林-拉格朗日应变张量(Green-Lagrange strain tensor)的第一主值以及第二皮奥拉-基尔霍夫应力张量(second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor)的第一主值 。
  4. 仿真速度评估:为了突显高效率,文章对比了两者完成压力-体积循环(P-V loop)仿真的时间 。传统有限元模型大约需要花费5小时才能完成完整的压力-体积响应预测,而 NNFE 模型仅需30秒 。
  • 摘要

Comprehensive image-based computational modeling pipelines are being actively developed for high-fidelity patient-specific cardiac simulations. However, conventional simulation techniques pose a challenge in this regard, primarily because of their excessively slow performance. We have developed a Neural Network Finite Element (NNFE) approach for high-speed cardiac mechanics simulations that can produce accurate simulation results within seconds (Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 144.12 (2022): 121010.). The method utilized neural networks to learn the displacement solution; and finite elements for defining the problem domain, specifying the boundary conditions, and performing numerical integrations. The NNFE method does not rely on use of traditional FEM simulations, experimental data, or reduced order modeling approaches, and has been successfully applied to hyperelastic boundary value problems using a potential energy formulation. In the present work we extended the NNFE approach to a prolate spheroid model of the left ventricle as a starting point for more complex cardiac simulations. We incorporated spatially varying fiber structures and utilized a Fung-type material model that included active contraction along the local myofiber axis. As cardiac mechanics are non-conservative problems with path-dependent pressure boundary conditions, we developed a new NNFE formulation based on classical virtual work principles. Importantly, the resultant NNFE cardiac model was trained over the complete physiological functional range of pressure, volume, and myofiber active stress. The final trained cardiac model predicted the displacement solution over the cardiac cycle for any physiological condition without retraining with a mean nodal displacement error of 0 . 023 ± 0 . 019 mm . Similar agreement accuracy was found for the stress and strain results. The NNFE model trained within 2.25 h and predicted the complete pressure–volume response within 30 s, whereas the FE model took approximately 5 h. This study successfully demonstrates the potential of the NNFE method to simulate cardiac mechanics with high speed and accuracy over the complete physiological functional space. 用于高保真患者特异性心脏模拟的基于图像的综合计算建模管道正在积极开发中。然而,传统的模拟技术在这方面面临挑战,主要是因为其性能过于缓慢。我们开发了一种用于高速心脏力学模拟的神经网络有限元(NNFE)方法,该方法可以在几秒钟内产生准确的模拟结果(《生物力学工程杂志》144.12 (2022): 121010)。该方法利用神经网络学习位移解;并使用有限元来定义问题域、指定边界条件和执行数值积分。NNFE方法不依赖于传统有限元模拟、实验数据或降阶建模方法,并且已成功应用于使用势能公式的超弹性边值问题。在本工作中,我们将NNFE方法扩展到左心室的长椭球体模型,作为更复杂心脏模拟的起点。我们纳入了空间变化的纤维结构,并使用了一种冯氏材料模型,该模型包括沿局部肌纤维轴的主动收缩。由于心脏力学是具有与路径相关的压力边界条件的非保守问题,我们基于经典虚功原理开发了一种新的NNFE公式。重要的是,最终训练的心脏模型在压力、体积和肌纤维主动应力的完整生理功能范围内进行了训练。最终训练的心脏模型可以在不重新训练的情况下预测任何生理条件下心动周期的位移解,平均节点位移误差为0.023±0.019毫米。应力和应变结果也具有类似的一致精度。NNFE模型在2.25小时内完成训练,并在30秒内预测完整的压力-体积响应,而有限元模型则需要大约5小时。这项研究成功地证明了NNFE方法在整个生理功能空间中以高速和高精度模拟心脏力学的潜力。


5 患者特异性数字孪生的动态应用

  • 论文:Impact of surgical ventricular restoration on intracardiac hemodynamics: An in silico study using CCT data
  • 刊名缩写:Computers in Biology and Medicine
  • 期刊分级:Q1
  • 发布时间:2025.06
  • 仿真对比
  1. 前期基础验证 (基于真实影像):该研究所使用的计算流体力学 (CFD) 框架在之前的研究中,已经通过与三名健康受试者的 4D血流核磁共振成像 (4D flow MRI) 测量数据进行对比,完成了方法的有效性验证 。
  2. 文献与历史数据对比 (间接验证):因为本研究中的 SVR 患者缺乏术前术后的 4D MRI 或多普勒血流测量数据 ,作者将仿真得出的血流动力学指标(如血液动力、能量损耗等)与文献中其他患者群体的体内活体测量数据以及其他数值仿真研究进行了交叉对比,证明了其结果在合理的数量级和定性趋势内 。
  3. 回归模型的外部检验:为了验证本研究推导出的回归分析方程的代表性和有效性,作者将这些公式套用到了文献中其他独立研究发布的数据(如健康受试者或其他心肌病患者)上,发现其预测规律与外部研究结果保持了一致 。
  4. 网格无关性检验 (数值本身稳定性):作者专门进行了网格无关性研究 (mesh independence study),以证明所选用的网格空间分辨率足够精细,不会对最终的计算结果产生明显的网格依赖误差 。
  • 摘要

Surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) excludes scarred myocardium after myocardial infarction to restore shape and contractility of dilated, aneurysmal left ventricles (LVs). Detailed changes in intracardiac hemodynamics following the surgery are not fully investigated. In this study, digital replicas of the patient’s LV were used to study the hemodynamic impact of successful SVR. The digital replicas were built based on pre-operative and post-operative cardiac computed tomography data of nine patients (3 females, 60 ± 13 years) who underwent successful SVR (significant reduction in heart failure symptoms). The computational framework was used to calculate LV morphology, dynamics, and intracardiac hemodynamics using image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD). SVR successfully reduced the LV volumes. Morphological analysis showed restoration of myocardial wall thickness in aneurysmal regions (5.5 ± 2.0 vs. 8.6 ± 3.0 mm) and an increased end-diastolic sphericity (sphericity index 0.39 ± 0.07 vs. 0.46 ± 0.07). No distinct flow alterations could be linked thereto. CFD revealed a higher post-operative kinetic energy level (diastolic maximum 10.0 ± 7.6 vs. 16.8 ± 9.1 mJ) and an improved global washout (29.5 ± 9.7 vs. 10.3 ± 6.4% after five cycles), which correlated to increases in volume-curve-derived diastolic energy gain and ejection fraction, respectively. Flow efficiency improved by means of an increased end-diastolic surface-averaged vortex strength (16.2 ± 5.1 vs. 30.0 ± 15.0 1/s) and a decreased normed diastolic energy loss (18.9 ± 3.9 vs. 15.0 ± 3.7%). The hemodynamic filling forces in diastole were aligned with the LV long axis before and after surgery and correlated with LV contractility. In summary, the digital patient replicas facilitated a detailed analysis and showed favorable flow changes with successful SVR. 外科心室修复术(SVR)通过排除心肌梗死后的瘢痕心肌,来恢复扩张型、动脉瘤样左心室(LV)的形状和收缩能力。该手术后心内血流动力学的详细变化尚未得到充分研究。在本研究中,利用患者左心室的数字模型来研究成功实施SVR后的血流动力学影响。这些数字模型基于9例成功接受SVR(心力衰竭症状显著减轻)的患者(3名女性,年龄60±13岁)术前和术后的心脏计算机断层扫描数据构建而成。使用基于图像的计算流体动力学(CFD),通过计算框架来计算左心室形态、动力学和心内血流动力学。SVR成功减小了左心室容积。形态学分析显示,动脉瘤区域的心肌壁厚度得以恢复(5.5±2.0 vs. 8.6±3.0毫米),舒张末期球形度增加(球形度指数0.39±0.07 vs. 0.46±0.07)。未发现与之相关的明显血流改变。CFD显示术后动能水平更高(舒张期最大值10.0±7.6 vs. 16.8±9.1毫焦),整体清除率提高(五个心动周期后为29.5±9.7 vs. 10.3±6.4%),这分别与基于容积曲线得出的舒张期能量增益和射血分数的增加相关。通过增加舒张末期表面平均涡旋强度(16.2±5.1 vs. 30.0±15.0 1/秒)和降低标准化舒张期能量损失(18.9±3.9 vs. 15.0±3.7%),血流效率得到改善。舒张期的血流充盈力在手术前后均与左心室长轴对齐,并与左心室收缩能力相关。总之,数字患者模型有助于进行详细分析,并显示出成功实施SVR后血流的有利变化。


  • 论文:Developing cardiac digital twin populations powered by machine learning provides electrophysiological insights in conduction and repolarization
  • 刊名缩写:nature cardiovascular research
  • 期刊分级:Q1
  • 发布时间:2025.05
  • 仿真对比
  1. 解剖学体积误差比对:将仿真生成的网格模型计算出的左、右心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV和RVEDV),与人工手动分割得出的真实基准体积进行直接对比,计算绝对和相对的体积误差 。
  2. 心电波形与向量直接对比:在代表性个体中,将仿真计算输出的12导联心电图(ECG)波形与真实记录的心电图进行形态比对,并计算其皮尔逊相关系数(r) 。此外,还对比了空间心电向量图(VCG)中偶极子幅度的相关性以及空间方向的偏差度数 。
  3. 病理生理学特征区分测试:评估通过模型反推出来的个性化参数(如心肌传导速度CV和钾离子电导率$G_{KrKs}$),能否有效区分出患有特定心脏疾病(如束支传导阻滞FB或心力衰竭HF)的患者与普通健康人 。
  4. 独立临床队列交叉验证:将这套仿真建模工作流应用到一个包含359名缺血性心脏病(IHD)患者的独立外部临床队列中,以验证模型推导出的参数在不同性别、年龄和BMI群体中的变化趋势是否具有普适性和泛化能力 。
  5. 参数不确定性量化:通过模拟那些未被个性化校准的“次要预设参数”的潜在波动,计算出它们对核心拟合参数(CV和$G_{KrKs}$)造成的误差范围(置信区间),从而侧面证明核心参数拟合结果的鲁棒性 。
  • 摘要

Large-cohort imaging and diagnostic studies often assess cardiac function but overlook underlying biological mechanisms. Cardiac digital twins (CDTs) are personalized physics-constrained and physiology-constrained in silico representations, uncovering multi-scale insights tied to these mechanisms. In this study, we constructed 3,461 CDTs from the UK Biobank and another 359 from an ischemic heart disease (IHD) cohort, using cardiac magnetic resonance images and electrocardiograms. We show here that sex-specific differences in QRS duration were fully explained by myocardial anatomy while their myocardial conduction velocity (CV) remains similar across sexes but changes with age and obesity, indicating myocardial tissue remodeling. Longer QTc intervals in obese females were attributed to larger delayed rectifier potassium conductance G_KrKs. These findings were validated in the IHD cohort. Moreover, CV and G_KrKs were associated with cardiac function, lifestyle and mental health phenotypes, and CV was also linked with adverse clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrates how CDT development at scale reveals biological insights across populations. 大型队列成像和诊断研究通常会评估心脏功能,但却忽略了潜在的生物学机制。心脏数字孪生体(CDTs)是受物理和生理约束的个性化计算机模拟模型,能够揭示与这些机制相关的多尺度见解。在本研究中,我们利用心脏磁共振成像和心电图,从英国生物银行构建了3461个CDTs,并从缺血性心脏病(IHD)队列中构建了另外359个。我们在此表明,QRS波时限的性别差异完全由心肌解剖结构解释,而其心肌传导速度(CV)在不同性别间保持相似,但会随年龄和肥胖而变化,这表明心肌组织发生了重塑。肥胖女性较长的QTc间期归因于更大的延迟整流钾电导G_KrKs。这些发现在IHD队列中得到了验证。此外,CV和G_KrKs与心脏功能、生活方式和心理健康表型相关,并且CV还与不良临床结局有关。我们的研究展示了大规模CDT开发如何揭示不同人群的生物学见解。


SOFA相关动态仿真

1 结合深度学习与传统仿真

  • 论文:MIXPINN Mixed-Material Simulations by Physics-Informed Neural Network
  • 刊名缩写:arXiv
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2025
  • 仿真对比

将新提出的物理驱动图神经网络(MIXPINN)与传统的有限元方法(FEM,使用SOFA框架)和基线学习模型(PhysGNN,Simple GAT)进行了对比。结果显示 MIXPINN 将计算运行时间(仅需73.24毫秒)比传统FEM仿真(1009.63毫秒)降低了一个数量级以上,同时其形变预测的平均欧氏误差(MEE)低于0.3毫米,显著优于其他基线神经网络模型,特别是更好地满足了骨骼等刚体的物理运动约束。

  • 摘要

模拟软组织与刚性解剖结构之间的复杂交互对于手术训练、规划和机器人辅助干预至关重要。传统的基于有限元方法(FEM)的仿真虽然准确,但计算成本高昂,难以用于实时场景。基于学习的方法在加速预测方面展示了前景,但在有效模拟“软组织-刚体”交互方面存在不足。我们引入了 MIXPINN,这是一个用于混合材料仿真的物理驱动图神经网络(GNN)框架。该方法集成了虚拟节点(VN)和虚拟边缘(VE)作为基于图的增强技术,以增强对刚体物理约束的满足。通过利用生物力学结构的图表示,MIXPINN 能够从 FEM 生成的数据中学习高保真变形。我们在真实的超声探头交互临床场景中验证了该方法,结果表明其将计算成本降低了一个数量级,同时保持了亚毫米级的极高物理精度,使其成为实时手术仿真和机器人辅助手术的可行解决方案。


2 数字孪生与实时参数估计

  • 论文:Toward a Digital Twin for Arthroscopic Knee Surgery A Systematic Review
  • 刊名缩写:IEEE Access
  • 期刊分级:Q2
  • 发布时间:2022
  • 仿真对比

这是一篇系统性综述(Systematic Review),本身没有进行新的单一实验,而是广泛对比了现有文献中各类手术仿真的底层策略。文章对比了“基于网格(Mesh-based如FEM)”、“无网格法(Meshfree-based)”以及“混合方法(Hybrid)”在软组织变形和切割仿真中的表现,并详细比较了它们在计算效率(如FPS刷新率)、模拟准确性以及能否支撑1000Hz触觉交互刷新率等方面的优劣。

  • 摘要

在众多工程学科中,使用数字孪生技术对产品或流程进行数字化表示正成为一种趋势,该概念最近也被引入医疗领域。在关节镜手术教育中,目前的焦点在于提高仿真器的计算效率和系统准确性,但尚未探索将手术仿真向“数字孪生”方向扩展。本文介绍了关节镜手术的数字孪生概念。文章按照PRISMA协议进行了一项涵盖80篇论文的系统综述,总结了利用患者特异性信息快速、稳健地设计关节镜数字孪生,以及交互式手术软组织仿真的相关方法。最终,本文提出了一个全新的宏观概念性关节镜数字孪生系统,探讨了该系统在融合患者医学影像、传感器数据和手术操作规范后,于手术技能培训、术前规划等应用中的潜力。


3 GPU 加速与混合模型渲染

  • 论文:GPU-accelerated deformation mapping in hybrid organ models for real-time simulation
  • 刊名缩写:Int J CARS (International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery)
  • 期刊分级:Q2
  • 发布时间:2025
  • 仿真对比

比较了“基于CPU”和“基于GPU(顶点着色器)”处理八叉树立方体向多边形模型变形映射的计算性能。实验分别在恒定处理块数量下对比了不同器官顶点数量($n_v$)的处理时间,以及在恒定顶点数量下对比了不同表面立方体数量($n_c$)的处理时间。结果表明:CPU处理时间随顶点数急剧上升,而GPU加速后处理时间几乎保持恒定,从而论证了GPU实现手术实时高分辨率渲染的优越性。

  • 摘要

目的:手术仿真被期望成为医生和医学生学习手术技能的有效方式。为了实现具有高视觉质量的软组织实时变形,引入了多分辨率和自适应网格细化模型。然而,这些模型需要额外的处理时间将形变网格的变形结果映射到多边形模型上。本研究提出了一种在GPU上使用顶点着色器加速此过程的方法并研究了其性能。方法:从高分辨率器官多边形模型生成分层八叉树立方体结构。在仿真中,通过对立方体8个顶点坐标进行三线性插值来获取器官模型碎片的顶点坐标,整个过程在GPU渲染管线中执行加速。结论:实验结果表明,GPU可以显著加速包含大量顶点的高分辨率器官模型中的变形映射过程,有助于实现实时仿真。


4 特定器官的生物力学仿真

  • 论文:3D Computational Modelling of Nasal Cavity Soft Tissue Deformation for Preoperative Planning and Surgical Training
  • 刊名缩写:Proc. of SPIE
  • 期刊分级
  • 发布时间:2025
  • 仿真对比

文章使用SOFA框架进行了物理建模。对比了单纯施加常规外力与施加力梯度(force gradient)在达到理想的鼻腔术后目标形状时的效果。实验针对真实CT扫描下的正常、病理及术后状态鼻腔气道,以及带有预切口的合成病理模型进行了形变仿真测试,以验证该方法在术前规划(如恢复气流通过性)中的可行性。

  • 摘要

人体充足的呼吸功能(取决于鼻气道通畅度)对健康至关重要。影响鼻腔的疾病通常需要手术干预来恢复正常气流,但其复杂的解剖结构需要精确的术前规划。本研究描述了一种使用开源生物力学建模平台 SOFA 框架来模拟鼻腔软组织变形的方法。通过整合特定患者的CT数据,展示了该框架模拟手术结果的能力,重点关注解剖学精确结构的生物力学行为。结果突显了这种方法在加强手术训练和术前策略规划方面的潜力。此类仿真的实时实施可以降低术中风险并改善术后结果,从而有助于耳鼻喉科的个性化治疗策略。

文献分类
http://fstronaut.cn/index.php/archives/30/
本文作者 WuKong
发布时间 2026-03-22
许可协议 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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